Ettoffaali erya alumina erya waggulu kika kya kintu ekiziyiza . Eby’obugagga eby’okuweereza eby’ebbugumu eringi eby’ebintu ebiziyiza eby’obugagga ebipimiddwa ku bbugumu erya waggulu, nga: obutakola bulungi, enkyukakyuka za layini eziddamu okwokya, okuziyiza okusannyalala okw’ebbugumu, okuziyiza okusannyalala, okugonza omugugu okugonvu Ebikozesebwa ebiziyiza.
1. Obutaba na 'refractoriness' .
Okuziyiza (refractoriness) kye kifaananyi ky’obuziyiza bw’ebbugumu eringi mu kintu. ebigimusa nga Mullite, Kyanite, Andalusite ne Sillimanite byetaaga okugezesebwa okulaba oba tebirina kye bikola mu kiseera ky’okukozesa okutegeera obulongoofu bw’ebintu ebisookerwako. okugeza, obucaafu, naddala obwo obulina omulimu gw’okukulukuta okw’amaanyi, kijja kukendeeza ku bulongoofu.
Enkola y’okupima obutafaanagana (refractoriness method): Kola ebigimusa oba ebikozesebwa ebiziyiza mu bikonde eby’enjuyi essatu. obuwanvu bw’omusingi ogwa waggulu ogwa kkooni ey’enjuyi essatu buba mm 2, obuwanvu bwa base eya wansi buba 8mm, ate obuwanvu buba 30mm. olwo ne buteekebwa ku konsala ya konki mu kigero kya konki nga xe disiki y’emu n’ekikonde kya sampuli kye kimu ne konki ya sample cone 3} Olw’endabika y’ekitundu ky’amazzi eky’ebbugumu eringi, era nga kifukamidde wansi olw’amaanyi gaakyo. ebbugumu entikko ya kkooni kwe kufukamira wansi okukwatagana ne ddisiki ya kkooni bwe buziyiza. obutafaanagana bulagibwa n’omuwendo gwa kkooni eya bulijjo efukamidde mu kiseera kye kimu nga sampuli.
Obutabanguko bulina okwawulwa ku kifo ekisaanuuka n’ebbugumu erikola:
(1) Amakulu g’okuziyiza n’okusaanuuka ga njawulo. Ensonga y’okusaanuuka ye bbugumu ery’emyenkanonkano eri ekintu kya kirisitaalo kimu okusaanuuka okuva mu mbeera enkalu okudda mu mbeera y’amazzi. obutafaanagana (refractoriness) kye kitundu ky’okusaanuuka eky’eby’obuggagga eby’omu ttaka eby’enjawulo. kituufu nti ekifo ekisaanuuka eky’eby’obuggagga eby’omu ttaka ebya kirisitaalo kiri waggulu era nga kikwatagana n’obugumu obukwatagana n’obugulumivu obukwatagana n’obugulumivu obukola ku buwumbi bwa kirasita obukoleddwa mu buzito bwa 1.
(2) Okuziyiza okutali kutegeerekeka nga ebbugumu ebintu ebiziyiza kwe biyinza okukozesebwa wansi w’ebbugumu eringi. kubanga ligonvu ddala okutuuka ku kufiirwa amaanyi g’ebyuma. okugeza, ekintu ekikulu ekiziyiza kisaanuuse ku bbugumu eri wansi olw’ekitundu ekikwatagana, era okwonooneka kwakyo kwe kwesigamiziddwa ku kugonvuwa kwa bonding, ekibeera wansi nnyo olw’okukka wansi w’ekiyungo, era nga yeesigamiziddwa ku material ye okusinziira ku kugonvuwa kwa bonding, ekibeera kiva ku kuziyiza okukendeera, era nga kwonooneka kwakyo kwesigamiziddwa ku kugonvuwa kwa bonding, ekibeera kitono olw’okukka wansi w’ekiyungo, era nga kwonooneka kwakyo kwesigamiziddwa ku kugonvuwa okugonvu kwa bonding, ekibeera wansi olw’okukka wansi w’ekiyungo kya REFRACY mungi, omukozi w’okukka wansi w’ekiyungo, era nga yeesigamiziddwa ku kirungo ky’okukendeera kw’ekintu ekigonvu, ekiziyiza okukka wansi w’ekiyungo ekinene, era nga kisinziira ku kukyusakyusa kw’ekintu ekigonvu, nga kiva ku muliro omungi, era nga kisinziira ku kikolwa kyakyo, era nga kisinziira ku kukozesa 3} 1. wa bbulooka z'ebbumba kiri wansi wa 200 ~250℃okusinga obutakyukakyuka.
2. Okukyusa layini y'okuddamu okwokya .
Enkyukakyuka ya layini y’okuddamu okubuguma etegeeza okugaziwa oba okukonziba kwa sampuli okusigaddewo oluvannyuma lw’okubuguma okutuuka ku bbugumu eryalagirwa, okukuumibwa okumala ekiseera ekigere, era ne kunyogoga okutuuka ku bbugumu ly’ekisenge.
The reburning line change is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of refractory products. The volume expansion or contraction of refractory products after re-burning indicates that the refractory products are not fully fired due to insufficient temperature, insufficiency of holding time or uneven temperature during the firing process. If the refractory product's reburning line change index exceeds the nationally specified value, it is bound to be used in industrial kilns. Due to the high temperature, some physical and chemical changes will continue, which will cause the volume of the product to expand or shrink, and the size will be larger. The change causes the change of the brick joints of the furnace body, thereby affecting the integrity of the furnace body lining, and in severe cases, the furnace body structure is destroyed. Therefore, the firing system must be standardized so that the Refire line of the product ekyuka munda mu muwendo ogulagiddwa.
Enkyukakyuka ya layini y’okuddamu okwokya ebalwa bweti:
3. Okuziyiza okusannyalala kw'ebbugumu .
Refractories bye bintu ebikulu eby’amakolero g’amakolero. tekyewalika nti kikosebwa ebbugumu erikozesebwa, era oluusi kikosebwa enkyukakyuka ez’amangu mu bbugumu. okuziyiza okusannyalala kw’ebbugumu kitegeeza obusobozi bwa refractories okuziyiza okunyigirizibwa okw’ebbugumu okuva ku nkyukakyuka z’ebbugumu ez’amangu awatali kwonooneka.
Embeera y’ensi yaffe ey’okugezesa sampuli: 1100℃, okunyogoza amazzi; Eyolesebwa mu biseera.
Waliwo ensonga nnyingi ezikwata ku buziyiza bw’okusannyalala kw’ebbugumu (thermal shock resistance of refractories), kale waliwo ebigambo bingi. kozesa enkolagana eno wammanga okunnyonnyola mu bufunze:
Okuva ku nkolagana ey’obutatuukiridde waggulu (ensengekera eyo waggulu tefaayo ku nkula n’obunene bw’ekintu, embeera y’okubuguma (okunyogoza), okunyigirizibwa okw’ekitundu okuva ku nkyukakyuka ez’amangu mu bbugumu, n’ebirala.), kiyinza okulabibwa nti okuziyiza kw’ebbugumu kw’ekintu kulina ensonga enkulu zino wammanga:
(1) modulo ya elastic entono;
(2) omugerageranyo gw’okugaziwa kwa layini mutono;
(3) eky’obugagga ekikulu eky’ekintu ekiziyiza (refractory material) kirina obutambuzi obw’ebbugumu obw’amaanyi;
(4) Ensengeka n’ensengekera enkulu ey’ekiyungo bisaanidde.
Mu nkola y’okufulumya ebintu ebiziyiza, engeri enkulu ez’okulongoosaamu okuziyiza kw’ebbugumu ly’ebintu ebiziyiza endwadde bye bino wammanga:
(1) okukyusa ensengekera y’ekitundu ky’ekintu okufuna eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka eby’okugaziya okutono, oba okuteekebwa waggulu kw’eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka eby’okugaziya okutono, n’ebirala.;
(2) Okulonda n’okufuga embeera ezisaanidde ez’okufulumya okufuula ekirungo n’ensengekera enkulu ey’okugatta okusaanidde, gamba ng’okutondebwa kw’ebitundu ebitonotono n’okweyongera kw’obutundutundu bw’ebintu mu bivaamu ebimu. Omulongooti 1 gulaga omugerageranyo gw’okugaziwa n’ebintu ebirala eby’ebintu ebiwerako ebiziyiza .}.
4. Okuziyiza okukulukuta .
There are many types of industrial kilns. Refractory materials in industrial kilns will be subject to various erosions, such as the erosion of molten steel, molten iron, molten slag (acidic or alkaline slag), temperature changes, thermal stress, and atmospheric Changes (especially reducing atmosphere) on the damage of refractory materials, etc. Therefore, refractory materials need to have corresponding characteristics according ku mbeera y’okukolamu ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu makolero, nga mu bino obuziyiza bw’okukulukuta (co corrosion resistance) kye kimu ku byo.
CO corrosion resistance refers to the ability of refractory materials to resist cracking or disintegration in a CO atmosphere. When the refractory product encounters a strong CO atmosphere at about 500℃(300~600℃), a chemical reaction will occur 2CO=CO2+C, and the separated free carbon will be deposited around the iron point of the product, causing the product to crack or damage . During the Enkola y’okusaanuusa ekikoomi eky’okubwatuka, ebintu ebiziyiza okusaanuusa bikutuddwa era ekizimbe kisumuluddwa olw’ensonga ezoogeddwako waggulu ku kitundu ky’omubiri gw’ekikoomi ku 400-600℃, nga eno y’emu ku nsonga enkulu eziviirako okwonooneka kw’ekikoomi eky’okubwatuka. okukendeeza ku kirungo kya iron oxide n’obuziba bw’ebintu eby’okufumba eby’okuziyiza okunyweza ekirungo kyayo eky’okuziyiza okunyweza 11}}.
5. Ebbugumu erigonza omugugu .
Omuwendo gw’okukyukakyuka kw’omugugu gw’ebintu ebiziyiza ku bbugumu erya waggulu gulagibwa ebbugumu ery’okugonza wansi w’omugugu. Ye resistance y’ekintu ekigatta ekikolwa eky’ebbugumu n’omugugu ogw’amaanyi, era era kiraga ekitundu ekigonvu eky’ekintu ekiziyiza okulaga okukyukakyuka okw’obuveera okweyoleka. omuwendo guno gutera okukozesebwa ng’omusingi gw’okusalawo ebbugumu erisinga obunene ery’ekiwujjo ky’ekiwujjo. omusingi gw’ekintu ekikyusakyusa eky’okukyukakyuka kw’ekintu ekikyusakyusa eky’ekintu ekikyusakyusa. omusingi guno.
Okusinziira ku muwendo gw’ebbugumu ery’okugonza omugugu gw’ebintu ebiziyiza, kiyinza okulamulwa mu mbeera ki eky’okuziyiza ekifiirwa obusobozi bwakyo obw’okusitula puleesa mu kiseera ky’okukozesa, era n’ensengekera y’obutonde ey’omunda ey’ekiziyiza nayo esobola okuteekebwawo.
6. Ebbugumu erya waggulu liseeyeeya .
Ebbugumu erya waggulu eky’obugagga kitegeeza enkolagana wakati w’okukyukakyuka n’ekiseera ky’ebintu ebiziyiza wansi w’ebbugumu erya waggulu eritakyukakyuka n’omugugu ogugere. omuwendo gw’okuserengeta ogw’ebbugumu eringi gulimu amaanyi, ebbugumu n’ekiseera ky’ekiziyiza ku bbugumu erya waggulu, ekiraga omuwendo gw’okukyukakyuka ogw’ekintu ekiziyiza mu kivaamu ekimu mu kiseera ekigere n’ekiseera ekigere eky’ekiseera.
Ebiraga waggulu eby’ebintu eby’amabaati ebitatera kukozesebwa byetaaga okulowoozebwako. mu byuma by’amakolero eby’enjawulo eby’ebbugumu eringi, olw’obutonde obw’enjawulo obw’okukozesa n’embeera y’okukola, ensonga enkulu ezitunuulirwa ku matoffaali agatali gamu mu bitundu eby’enjawulo zisinziira ku mbeera. Okugeza, ku kirungo kya alumina eky’amaanyi eri obuzito bwa alumina obukozesebwa mu buziyiza obw’ebbugumu mu sitoovu ezibuguma, mu kwongera ku kintu ekiri mu bunywevu bw’ebintu, ekintu ekikulu ennyo eri ekintu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina eri ekitundu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina, ekintu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina, ekintu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina, ku kigerageranyo ky’obugumu bwa alumina, ekintu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina, ku kigerageranyo ky’obugumu bwa alumina, ekintu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina, ku kigerageranyo ky’obugumu bwa alumina obusinga obunene, ku kigerageranyo ky’obugumu bwa alumina, ekintu ekikulu ennyo, ku kintu ekikulu eky’obugumu bwa alumina.
